The African American writer, James Baldwin based his writings on American racial history and the present social situation, advocated that writers should make use of history to create the present.This paper, with the guidance of New Historicism theory, studies the interaction of history and text in James Baldwin's writings by analyzing his play Blues for Mister Charlie, thus decoding Baldwin's perception of history thoroughly.Baldwin, on the one hand, designed the American racial history by creating unique historical background, plot and characters to show the history of American racial hatred, emphasizing that the racial hatred derived from the history of American racism and the ignotance of the white.On the other hand, with a special title of the play and vivid characters, he enlightened the world that the victims of racial hatred were not solely the black themselves but all the Americans, so the black and the white should unite together to get rid of the destructive and fatal consequence of racial hatred.