Translation studies are linked closely with ecology,which means translation phenomenon can be researched under the modes of ecology.Tian Yanlun,the Chinese version of Evolution and Ethics translated by Yan Fu,could not be published without a certain translation environment.Meanwhile,the translation helps to realize the translation ecological functions,and reflects the ecological laws such as Blackman's law of limiting factors,Shelford's law of tolerance and optimum rule in its translating.This paper explores the translation environment,translation ecological function and other basic principles of Yan Fu's translation masterpiece.