Under the background of big data era,this paper explores complexity of Ideological and political education from an opportunity window so as to restarting examination and research on the trend.To be specific,noticing the complex characteristics of ideological and political education under the increasingly complex internal and external environment in the era of big data,recognizing complexity as the premise of innovating ideological and political education,highlighting pre-formation at the begining to explore the complexity;decoding the complexity by the key of interlocked relationships,airing strong voice by means of big data to support the "self-organization" of ideological and political education.Exploration and examination on complexity of ideological and political education in the era of big data not only explain the meaning of Marxist epistemology and practice theory,but also mirror the mission of ideological and political education discipline in the era.