Science and technology translation has pushed ahead China’s scientific development and social evolution since modern times, and still plays a key role in the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation. Technological progress and social transformation have brought numerous challenges to contemporary profession of science and technology translators. This paper systematically analyzes their career dilemma, proposes effective countermeasures, and expounds the professional calibers of a competent translator. It is suggested that translators make good use of novel technology to produce academic fruits of higher quality. Translators also need to adjust their career planning to combine translating abilities with erudite knowledge in other fields in order to become interdisciplinary talents competent in diverse professional occupations in which excellent translation skill will still serve as their core competitiveness. To tackle constantly-evolving scientific writings, a good translator should be equipped with solid foundation in translating, adequate storage of professional knowledge, and basic theoretical literacy. It is also advisable to foster skills like editing and writing, and qualities such as professional sensitivity and interdisciplinary perspective. In this way, a translator can be fully adapted to the emerging tendency of the translation sector.