On the basis of the English-Chinese translation of City Diplomacy, this paper reflects on appropriateness of term translation and accuracy of back translation, as well as the critical thinking process of translators in the hope of enriching the understanding of academic translation and translation studies in general. The authors hold that appropriate term translation and accurate back translation are not only vital to the success of a translation, but pose a serious challenge to the translator. In addition, the translator should be critical of the source text in the process of translation, and try his best to have a reliable translated version to avoid the probable errors in the source text.