An in-depth study of Xi’s report to The 20th CPC National Congress reveals the historical and practical mystery of the century-old enduring accomplishment of the Communist Party of China, among which self-reform, most importantly “Anti-corruption as the most radical self-reform”, is the first and foremost. “Through painstaking efforts, the Party has found the second answer to the question of how to escape the historical cycle of rise and fall. The answer is self-reform,” ensuring that the Party will never change its essence, conviction, or aspiration. The 20th CPC National Congress sounded the clarion call for a new chapter in building a socialistic modern country in an all-round way, which requires us to deepen the connotation of, take a rather firm step in and unleash the contemporary significance of fighting against corruption. In addition, the ideological consciousness that “Anticorruption is the most radical self-reform” should be enhanced; three key questions of what it is, why it is and what it does should be properly approached, and ways to enhance and carry forward the spirit of thorough self-reform should be constantly explored.