Combining history and logic, theory and practice, macro and micro, the paper overviews the process of PE ideology of the CPC in the past century. It is found that CPC’s PE ideology has always adhered to Marx’s theory of PE, integrated PE with China’s specific actual situations, integrated the PE policy with the main tasks of the Party in different periods, creatively developed PE with Chinese characteristics by means of absorbing foreign PE experience, paid attention to improving the people’s physical fitness and promoted the people’s physical and mental health, contributing to the people’s pursuit of a better life and the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.