As an important symbol of Marx’s initial involvement in political economy, the economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 has already demonstrated Marx’s profound criticism of capitalism. In terms of content, it involves the criticism of alienated labor, private ownership, national economics and Hegel's philosophy. In terms of methodology, it presents a distinct critical method that integrates political economic criticism and philosophical criticism. It has important contemporary value in four aspects: cultivation of the spirit of the critique of political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhering to unity of political economics and philosophy critique criticism methodology, seeking truth from facts and the critical attitude of tolerance, and adhering to the communism critical orientation.