The ideological and political curriculum reform in colleges and universities is conducive to stimulating teachers’ enthusiasm for education, enhancing the effectiveness of education and students’ initiative as learning subjects. However, some problems in the national defense education are found in universities of Shanghai, such as inappropriate education level and comprehensive quality of the teaching team, the monotonous education form, the unsatisfactory teaching effect, the imperfect guarantee mechanism of national defense education, and the inadequate capital investment. Therefore, under the background of ideological and political curriculum reform, national defense education in should focus on strengthening all-staff education colleges and universities, actively building a multi-party collaborative education team; improving the organizational structure and building a collaborative education organization; optimizing the incentive system to strengthen resonance of education.