The truth of Marxism is the unity of universality and particularity, and its theory of “ Caudine Forks” shows a possible path different from that of Western European society. Mao Zedong fully recognized the particularity of the Chinese revolution, his combination of the universal principles of Marxism with China’s specific social reality led to the victory of revolution by “crossing the canyon”. Deng Xiaoping realized the productivity symptoms of the socialist society after “crossing the canyon” and filled the productivity gap in the canyon through reform and opening up. After the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era of “the people’s yearning for a better life”, aiming at “crossing the canyon” and “filling the canyon” again by reshaping of high productivity and production relations in a process of reconstruction. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is contemporary Chinese Marxism in the 21st century on the basis of Marx, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and other Marxists heritage.