The construction of new engineering aims to cultivate excellent engineering talents who will lead the development of technology and industry in the future. In this context, the professional and practical course “Laser principle” is of great significance. However, the traditional teaching model of this course, characterized by a single mode and low student engagement, struggles to meet the demands of the times for engineering talents. Therefore, it is urgent to transform the teaching model to cultivate outstanding engineering talents. In order to achieve this goal, the course teaching team follows the principle of Outcome-based Education (OBE), is inspired by the contributions of Chinese laser scientists and motivated by the students’ innovation-entrepreneurship projects. Consequently, an integrated teaching model is constructed: “OBE Concept + Ideological and Political Education in Curriculum + Innovation-Entrepreneurship Projects”. Such a change of classroom teaching from theory to practice can effectively enhance students’ learning initiative and laser operation ability. The exploration and practice of this model not only opens up a new path for the teaching of “Laser principle” but also provides a reference example for higher education reform and engineering talent cultivation.