Effective instructional discourse contributes to enhancing the attractiveness and pertinence of college students’ ideological and political courses. Based on Grounded Theory, we analyzed in-depth interview texts using NVivo 12 software and constructed a model of instructional discourse effectiveness in college students’ ideological and political courses. From the perspective of students’ perception, the model follows a progressive structure with inner, middle, and outer dimensions. Specifically, the inner dimension serves as the core driving force for effective instructional discourse in ideological and political courses, comprising political identity and theoretical foundations; the middle dimension constitutes the specific content of effective instructional discourse in these courses, which consists of four competencies: attractive expression, emotional appeal, interactive influence, and practical guidance; the outer dimension forms the high-level magnetic field of effective instructional discourse in ideological and political courses, comprising personality and spiritual connotation.