New quality productive forces is the remarkable concept proposed by Xi Jinping to promote Chinese modernization through high-quality development. This concept combines the basic principles of Marxist political economy and the specific reality of contemporary China. It is the creative development of Marxist productivity theory in China of the new era. The formation and development of new quality productive forces will re-create the industrial structure of the whole society on the basis of digital and intelligent technology, greatly improve socialization and publicization of production, and bring about the revolutionary transformation of social production relations from the traditional type to the new one.