The law of contradictory movement between productivity and production relations revealed by historical materialism points out that the essential reason for the formation of new productivity must be the reform of production relations, which promoted by production practice. On the basis of developing productive forces, the Communist Party of China has continuously promoted the transformation and adjustment of China’s production relations and formed China’s basic economic system, which in turn promotes the transformation of productive forces and sprouts and develops new productive forces. In the adjustment and reform of production relations, the leadership of the Party, people as the center, sustainable development, scientific and technological self-reliance, high-quality development and other factors support the development of new quality productive forces, from the aspects of subject, value, mode, innovation and goal. In order to make the new productivity develop in the direction of real “social productivity”, we must further establish and improve the Party’s leadership at a higher level, build an economic system with labor priority and social orientation, develop a new model of coordinated progress between human and nature, promote the positive transformation of the economic attributes of science and technology application, and adhere to the correct innovation of the new development concept.