The theory of productive forces within the framework of historical materialism provides the fundamental perspective for observing the ecological dimension of new quality productive forces. The ecological dimension not only represents a significant leap in the “energy level” of new quality productive forces compared to traditional ones, but also serves as a core indicator for measuring their “quality”. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that green development is the foundation of high-quality development, and new quality productive forces are green productive forces. From the perspective of the evolving factors of production in historical materialism, new quality productive forces denote a profound transformation of the production system. They are characterized by the mastery of advanced science and technology, the application of advanced production tools, the scientific integration of production factors and labor, with the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature as their core implication. In the process of modernization, ecological concepts serve as the theoretical foundation for the ecological orientation of new quality productive forces; ecological science and technology form their material basis; ecological talents provide the core support; and ecological systems offer the practical guarantee for this ecological orientation.