New quality productivity is a combined product of scientific and technological innovation with institutional change, which not only redefines the way of productivity allocation, but also has a far-reaching impact on the choice and effectiveness of the Chinese modernization process. This paper focuses on the implication of the word “drive” in the sentence that “new quality productivity drives Chinese modernization”. Firstly, it explores the inevitable reasons “why it can drive Chinese modernization” by analyzing the theoretical foundation and philosophical implications of new quality productivity. Secondly, it analyzes in depth the internal mechanism of “how new quality productivity can drive Chinese modernization”, reveals the characteristics of new quality productivity combined with the elements of Chinese modernization, and explains the logical path of how to develop new quality productivity. Finally, it discusses how new quality productivity drives Chinese modernization, providing practical experience and methods for the practical exploration of Chinese modernization.