The “subject-object division” way of thinking fully stimulates human subjectivity, but the deviated application of traditional productive forces in Western-style modernization has deteriorated the relationship between humans and nature. “Subject-object unity” transcends the “subject-object division” way of thinking, promoting the innovation of traditional productive forces with new quality productivity in the process of Chinese modernization, thus opening up a green path. In response to the requirements of improving the relationship between humans and nature, meeting the people’s ecological needs for beautiful life, and promoting the realization of Chinese modernization, new quality productivity has become the internal driving force for achieving modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. It is necessary to accurately grasp the key elements that promote the emergence of new quality productivity, and enable new quality productivity to play a full role in the chain of green institutions, green industries, green technologies, and green talents, empowering green development.