This study aims to explore the intrinsic relationship between the Chinese view of life and the dialectical aesthetics of Taijiquan art, uncover the aesthetic connotations of excellent traditional Chinese culture, and further enhance the educational value of Taijiquan. By means of literature analysis, expert interviews, and logical deduction, the research elaborates on the dialectical aesthetic characteristics of Taijiquan from the perspectives of philosophy and aesthetics. The findings indicate that Taijiquan interprets the dialectical relationship of movement aesthetics through the dynamic art form of living organisms, centering on three pairs of contradictory unities: “Yin-Yang”, “Being-Nonbeing”, and “Void-Solid”. Specifically: 1) In terms of “Yin-Yang”, Taijiquan demonstrates complementary aesthetic thinking, mutually fulfilling aesthetic methods, and transformative aesthetic logic; 2) In terms of “Being-Nonbeing”, Taijiquan embodies the aesthetic concept of mutual generation of being and nonbeing, the aesthetic pursuit of taking being as a means and nonbeing as an end, and the aesthetic appreciation of subtlety as if non-existent; 3) In terms of “Void-Solid”, Taijiquan emphasizes an aesthetic inclination prioritizing void, creative methods of interacting void with solid, and the aesthetic goal of valuing ethereal spirituality. To sum up, Taijiquan art significantly contributes to improving students’ technical skills, cultivating their aesthetic awareness, inspiring their dialectical thinking, and promoting moral education. The research can provide both theoretical support and practical approaches for the innovative development of traditional martial arts culture.