The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the new mission of invigorating the innovative and creative national culture and promoting the flourishing development of socialist culture. From the perspective of the “Second Combination”, this paper systematically explores new pathways for advancing the flourishing development of socialist culture in the new era. The “Second Combination” embodies historical inevitability and profound contemporary value, and represents an essential path toward building a culturally powerful nation. Across the three dimensions of philosophical ontology, epistemology, and methodology, this paper analyzes the possibility and inevitability of the “Second Combination”. Focusing on addressing social needs, transforming discourse systems, and innovating expression forms and communication channels, it provides a systematic explanation of the new practical pathways for implementing the “Second Combination”. By examining how the “Second Combination” fosters the flourishing development of socialist culture, this paper offers foundational support for strengthening cultural subjectivity, advancing the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, and enhancing national cultural soft power. Ultimately, it contributes Chinese wisdom and Chinese paradigms to the new form of human civilization.