Global ecological crises call for a new form of civilization and philosophical transformation. Comparing three major paradigms of Western ecological philosophy —anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and eco-Marxism, this paper reveals the systematic and revolutionary transcendence of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization from the philosophical perspective. Its ontological innovation that “humanity and nature are a community of life” dispels the metaphysical presupposition of subject-object dichotomy; its axiological breakthrough in the proposition that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” resolves the binary dilemma between development and conservation; and its methodological shift toward systematic governance provides holistic dialectical wisdom for tackling intricate ecological challenges. Such systematic and profound philosophical advancement constitutes the innermost core underpinning its global leading power. Its advanced ontology generates conceptual guidance on building a “community of all life on Earth”; its advanced axiology pioneers a path toward green modernization; and its advanced methodology provides institutional guidance for fair and just global environmental governance. More than merely the fundamental guideline for China’s ecological civilization construction, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization represents a new paradigm of ecological philosophy with universal theoretical significance that transcends regional and civilizational boundaries, offering philosophical orientation for transforming human civilization from an industrial form to an ecological form.